Vital Signs Mastery and Measurement Accuracy

This module introduces healthcare professionals to the fundamental concepts of vital signs — the core indicators of a patient's physiological condition. Learners will explore the five key vital signs: temperature, pulse, respirations, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation (SpO₂). The module explains what each vital sign measures, why it matters, and how it reflects homeostasis — the body's ability to maintain internal balance through compensatory mechanisms. Learners will study normal adult ranges for each vital sign: temperature 36.5–37.5°C (97.7–99.5°F), pulse 60–100 bpm, respirations 12–20/min, blood pressure less than 120/80 mmHg, and SpO₂ at or above 95%. Understanding these ranges is foundational, but equally important is recognizing that vital signs are dynamic — they can be influenced by age, physical activity, medications, environmental conditions, and underlying illness.